Blood pressure

A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension

**BACKGROUND:** Prior unblinded studies have suggested that catheter-based renal-artery denervation reduces blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. **METHODS:** We designed a prospective, single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled …

Arm position during ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a review of the evidence and clinical guidelines

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) offers advantages over clinic blood pressure measurement. Supporting the arm at the level of the right atrium has long been standard in clinic blood pressure measurement. In contrast, there is no consensus …

A critical review of the evidence supporting aldosterone in the etiology and its blockade in the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension

Obesity is epidemic and is associated with increased blood pressure, which often manifests as treatment-resistant hypertension. Mineralocorticoids have been hypothesized to have a pathogenic role in human obesity-associated hypertension. In this …

Detection and recognition of hypertension in anxious and depressed patients

**OBJECTIVE:** Hypertension management requires detection (i.e. confirmation of persistently high blood pressure (BP) after an initial elevated measurement) and recognition of the condition (evidenced by a formal diagnosis and/or initiation of …

Pericardial effusion in renal disease: to tap or not to tap

The natural history of pericardial effusions attributable to renal disease is variable. Although aggressive hemodialysis may lead to the resolution of some effusions, some reports suggest that prompt drainage is optimal. We describe a case of a …

Sex-dependent and race-dependent association of XPNPEP2 C-2399A polymorphism with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema

**BACKGROUND:** Angioedema is a rare adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which occurs more commonly in women and black Americans. Angioedema is thought to result from decreased degradation of vasoactive peptides. During …

Bradykinin type 2 receptor BE1 genotype influences bradykinin-dependent vasodilation during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition

To test the hypothesis that the bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) BE1+9/-9 polymorphism affects vascular responses to bradykinin, we measured the effect of intra-arterial bradykinin on forearm blood flow and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) …

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor associated angioedema

Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening adverse effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Bradykinin and substance P, substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme, increase vascular permeability and cause tissue edema in animals. …

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV deficiency increases susceptibility to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced peritracheal edema

**BACKGROUND:** Serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity is decreased in some individuals with ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema. ACE and DPPIV degrade substance P, an edema-forming peptide. The contribution of impaired degradation of …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema

Angioedema, characterized by swelling of the lips, face, and tongue, occurs in anywhere from 0.1% to 6% of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor users. The incidence is more common in black Americans than in white Americans, in women than in …